Literature+Circles+Chapter+5

Literature Circles Chapter 5

Vocab Rachel Hollinger

Knights of the Empire- they were people who acknowledged no overlordship except that of the emperor himself

Germanic Liberties- freedom of the member states from control by the emperor or Empire

janissaries- Christian children taken from their families, brought up as Muslims, and reared in military surroundings

caliph- commander of the faithful

People Tara Stolarski

Wittelsbach family- ruled in Bavaria, won an electorate in the Thirty Years' War, consistently had ruling power as archbishops of Cologne and in the Rhineland, had influence in France and were backed up against the Habsburgs

Guelph family- ruled in Hanover, finally got an electorate from the emperor in 1692, inherited the Great Britain throne with King George I

John Sobieski- one of the two rulers of Poland, national hero by to his leading of a decisive campaign against the Turks in the 1680s

Danetta

the reception of jews, says it dates from 1300 to 1600 _

vocab. Nick Lapiana

Germanic Liberties - freedom of the member states from control by emperor or Empire.

Janissaries - christian children taken from their families, brought up as muslims, and reared in military surroundings.

Caliph - commander of the faithful.

Questions Jake Seagriff Why were the Holy Roman Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Republic of Poland weak in the early modern period? What characteristics did they all share? They all shared the weakness of central authority, inefficiency of administration, and the inability to compete with modernizing France and Russia.

Why was the Holy Roman Empire so weak? It was devastated by the Reformation and the Treaty of Westphalia. The empire strove for universality, not nationality. It had difficulty recovering from the damages of the Thirty Years’ War. It lacked most of the newly created economic attributes of Western Europe. There was no central bank; no colonies No vibrant merchant class No stock exchange No uniformity of laws, tariffs, tolls coinage, or even the calendar Science was at a low point

Why was Poland particularly weak? Poland was a Republic because the people elected their Monarch. The monarchy was not inherited. It was a huge area with heterogeneous population.,it had combined with Lithuania,many Jewish people that spoke Yiddish. There was no national middle class or language.

How was the Ottoman Empire more successful in the early modern period?

Larger than Poland or the Holy Roman Empire Better organized than either Built on military prowess with a standing army, substantial artillery and Janissaries (elite Turkish guard) as the striking force. Administrative leadership was placed under the Grand Vizier, an appointed Chancellor Subjects were allowed to keep their religions and cultures, and were not faced with proselytizing (forced conversion for religion) Little conversion to Islam Ottoman Empire was more tolerant than most Western states at the time ___ Sam Petree- Questions What characteristics were shared by the Holy Roman Empire, The Ottoman Empire, and the Republic of Poland. Inability to compete with France and Russia, inefficient administration, and weak central authority.

Why was the Holy Roman Empire weak? There was no stock exchange, no uniformity in in laws and other government concerns, no vibrant merchant class, devastated by the Treaty of Westphalia, and science was at a low point

Why was Poland weak? They elected their monarch and there was no national language or middle class.

Why was the Ottoman Empire successful? Larger size, little conversion to Islam, better organization, people were not forced to change religion, and better army.

Important People:
**John Sobieski**- led a decisive campaign against the turks in the 1680s. **Leibniz**- a great mathmatician and philosopher of german society

Although there were not many people were featured in this section family reign played an infleuntial role on the way society functioned as a whole.

http://cobalt.rocky.edu/~jordan.baker/titlepage.html

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Jacob McClarnon Ch. 5 sec. 23

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